What Are the Main Barriers to Effective Communication...

Principles of Management Assignment 1 SBMG 4007 Submission deadline 25 March 2011 Student ID 090001 Wilson D. Lagos What are the main barriers to effective communication within an organisation and how can they be resolved? Submitted to The University of Wales-Lampeter in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Arts (Business Management) University of Wales-Lampeter Prifysgol Cymru Llanbedr Pont Steffan 2011 SBMG4007 Assignment 1 Table of Contents Executive Summary ....................................................................................................................... 2†¦show more content†¦The original purpose must be maintained while the message through the spectrum of cultural referent rights to its receptor. Within organizations interpersonal communication is the key to optimum performance, if this statement is to add the idea of effectiveness that meaning the result is an equation of the desire and the original intent, and then the idea of effective communication would excellence as a goal. Mintzberg acknowledges that the ineffectiveness of the organizations is due to the high cost of communications and the lack of innovation and because of its delay in responding to the needs often comes when no longer needed. (Mintzberg 2007, p.219) Wilson Lagos 090001 Page 3 of 9 SBMG4007 Assignment 1 What are the main barriers to effective communication within an organization? Depending on the nature of an organization in terms of structure or business will face particular problems that might be common to all enterprise. These may involve control, coordination and communication. Some experts emphasize that in cases of lack of understanding, disagreement and lack of information, such conditions are common because of the intimate relationship among them, others experts believe they can qualify for the barriers of communication from a perspective of macro and micro context, finally may occur in two types, non-verbal and verbal. 1. Information overload and competition information. In 2006 Gallup found to average 180 messages eachShow MoreRelatedCommunication, Leadership, And Leadership Essay1525 Words   |  7 Pages 3.1. Communication and Leadership According to Lussier Achua, (2013, p. 192) Leader is a person who represents his/her workers and motivates them to reach company goals, communication and effective leadership skills play best roles when leaders try to achieve goals. Leader has to deal with number of people on day to day basis such as workers, customers, investors, media people etc. The success of leader depends on communication skills because, if the leader able to create a good communicationRead MoreImplementation Of The Project Management Essay1625 Words   |  7 Pages FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS 1.2 FALLACIES There are a lot of fallacies and obstacles in implementing the project management in an organisation. It is necessary to understand them fully and should find out solution to overcome them so as to reach a high level project management maturity. According to Kerzner (2013) two main obstacles in project management maturity is activities are often controlled by different people with different positions of authority. They might be havingRead MoreWhy Communication Is Key, Do Words Open Doors?961 Words   |  4 Pages If communication is key, do words open doors? 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Government policy is now built around this core concept, a major aspect of which is enabling individuals to participate in decision-making about their care at every level. By concentrating on the individual’s wishes and aspirations and placing them at the centre of a ‘planning circle’ the care team can assist with goal setting to ensureRead MoreEssay on Mgmt 1001 Everest Simulation1781 Words   |  8 Pagesaddressed. The first simulation was not as well carried out- perhaps due to lack of research, while the second simulation went according to plan, and in correlation, the marks also increased. The report explores the various interactions within the group and within an individual during the two simulations and comes up with recommendations for future group work exercises. The report also finds that although the team was assigned a leader the team doctor possessed as much power, if not more. In additionRead MoreCommunication Is Essential For The Successful Execution Of Operations3128 Words   |  13 PagesThe Communication Process is defined as the transmission of information, and the exchange of meaning, between at least two people (Buchanan Huczynski, 2010). Throughout the business world, it can be argued that comprehensible communication is imperative to the successful execution of operations. Organizational effectiveness is extremely significant to any accountancy firm - predominantly due to how interlinked a company’s accounts are – which in turn causes employees and managers to rely on the

The Tell Tale Heart By Edgar Allan Poe - 1630 Words

The Tell-Tale Heart is a short story by Edgar Allan Poe. It is told by anonymous narrator who endeavors to convince the reader of his sanity, while describing a murder he committed. The victim was an old man with a filmy vulture-eye (cataract eye), as the narrator calls it. The murder is carefully calculated, and the murderer dismembers the body and hides it under the floorboards. Ultimately the narrator s guilt manifests itself in the form of the sound ( hallucinatory) of the old man s heart still beating under the floorboards. Throughout this experience the narrator explains that the murderer is legally insane. There are various instances in the story that indirectly and directly tell you that he is insane. Such as he admits†¦show more content†¦Another example explains that he has some sort of disease, â€Å"This disease has sharpened my senses -not destroyed them-not dulled them (Poe 294)†. He again is admitting he has a psychotic behavior. Throughout he is try ing to convince us that he is not mad but this makes us doubt he is sane even more. Moreover, as the story unfolds, the narrator s actions further suggest his insanity; his imagined hearing of the still beating heart. Explains that he is imagining things and he is getting paranoid. As the story states he continually heard the noises while talking to the polite policeman (who did not hear the noise at all) . The story illustrates his emotions are out of control. He feels a state of paranoia and agony, over an imaginary sound. This is only one of the many symptoms he implicates in the story that are common in psychotic people. Bipolar disorder causes a periodic cycling of emotional states between manic and depressive phases. Manic phases contain periods of extreme activity and heightened emotions, whereas depressive phases are characterized by guilt,sadness, and loneliness. These traits are common with the narrator. He had felt soShow MoreRelatedThe Tell Tale Heart By Edgar Allan Poe1161 Words   |  5 PagesOut of a vast quantity of these English historians, one sto od out to me, his name is Edgar Allan Poe. Poe’s writing had its own unique gothic and horror style. The story, The Tell-Tale Heart is one of his very popular pieces of literature, it not only tells a story, but uses Poe’s unique style of writing to silently incorporate different genres, themes, and symbolism to create a sub-story within the text itself. Poe was born in Boston Massachusetts on January 19, 1809. At the young age of just 2 yearsRead MoreThe Tell Tale Heart By Edgar Allan Poe1569 Words   |  7 PagesIn the short story â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart,† author Edgar Allan Poe employs several literary devices such as symbolism, allegory, and imagery. These devices enable us to see and better comprehend the story’s events through the eyes of the narrator. The narrator explains that he is extremely nervous but clarifies that he is not insane; he even goes so far as to share an event from his past to prove that he is not crazy. He believes that he loves the old man and has nothing against him except his horribleRead MoreThe Tell Tale Heart By Edgar Allan Poe Essay1477 Words   |  6 Pagesyourself and others that you weren’t in the wrong for doing something bad? Well, the narrator in the story The Tell-Tale Heart does. Edgar Allan Poe is known to write stories that are of Dark Romanticism. Dark romanticism is a literary genre that showcases gothic stories that portray torture, insanity, murder, and revenge. The story â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart† is no different. Edgar Allan Poe does a great job with making the readers wonder throughout this short story. This allegory makes reader’s questionsRead MoreThe Tell Tale Heart By Edgar Allan Poe1502 Words   |  7 PagesThe author Edgar Allan Poe created a beautiful writing piece called â€Å"Tell Tale Heart†, which included literal elements such as mood, tone, and point of view. The story included a tremulous mood for the reader to be able to feel the excitement of the story. According to the text â€Å"Tell Tale Heart†, it states â€Å"And now at the dead hour of the night, amid the dreadful silence of that old house, so strange a noise as this excited me to uncontrollable terror.† This illustrates that the details of the storyRead MoreThe Tell Tale Heart By Edgar Allan Poe986 Words   |  4 Pagesbade the gentlemen welcome. The shriek, I said, was my own in a dream.† The Tell Tale Heart is one of Edger Allan Poe’s most famous and creepiest stories. The premise of this gothic short story is that a man’s own insanity gives him away as a murderer. By using the narrators own thoughts as the story Poe displays the mental instability and the unique way of creating a gothic fiction. While other stories written by Poe reflect this same gothic structure and questionable sanity, this story has aRead MoreThe Tell Tale Heart By Edgar Allan Poe1133 Words   |  5 Pages Written in 1843, The Tell-Tale Heart by Edgar Allan Poe incorporates nearly all of the gothic elements. While this piece of art may not contain all of the gothic elements, it is the epitome of a gothic short story. In The Tell-Tale Heart, the setting seems to be inside an old house, which strengthens the atmosphere of mystery and suspense. The madness and overall insanity of the narrator illustrates the sense of high, overwrought emotion. The presence of creaking hinges and the darkness representRead MoreThe Tell Tale Heart By Edgar Allan Poe1644 Words   |  7 Pages Edgar Allan Poe was a prominent American writer whose writing reflected his tragic life. He began to sell short stories for profit after being forced to leave United States Military Academy for lack of financial support. Over the next decade, Poe published some of his best-known works, including The Fall of the House of Usher (1839), The Raven (1845), and The Cask of Amontillado (1846). It is in these stories that Po e established his unique dark writing style that often have the recurring themeRead MoreThe Tell Tale Heart By Edgar Allan Poe1030 Words   |  5 PagesA Guilty- Mad Heart â€Å"Burduck then goes on to ponder how Poe used cultural anxieties and psychological panic to advantage.† (Grim Phantasms, G.A. Cevasco). In The Tell-Tale Heart by Edgar Allan Poe, a nameless man narrates the story of how he murdered an elderly man because of his eyes. In his short story The Tell-Tale Heart, Poe shows the themes of guilt and the descent into madness through the narrator, in this gothic horror story. Edgar Allan Poe wrote many gothic tales throughout his lifeRead MoreThe Tell Tale Heart By Edgar Allan Poe879 Words   |  4 PagesIn between guilt, paranoia and obsession The Tell-Tale Heart by Edgar Allan Poe uses several literary elements to support the themes of the story. The story is based on a gruesome murder of an old man. The author uses madness, obsession and guilt as themes to prove how the narrator is truly twisted and insane. Madness is the first theme of the story; in the beginning the narrator tries to convince the audience he is not mad (insane). â€Å"TRUE!... nervous very, very nervous I had been and am; but whyRead MoreThe Tell-Tale Heart by Edgar Allan Poe1136 Words   |  5 Pagesmotivated by the hatred of the eye in this story. The story gives characteristics that fit the profile of a murderer such as the opening sentence, â€Å"TRUE! - Nervous - very, very dreadfully nervous I had been and am; but why will you say that I am mad?† (POE). The narrator believes he is not mad, and thinks that this nervousness is simply caused by being hypersensitive proving his sanity. I felt as though throughout the story, the narrator is trying to convince the reader that he is perfectly sane and not

Partnership Act 1908

Question: Discuss about the Partnership Act 1908. Answer: Management role in the Partnership Deed The Partnership Act 1908 sets out the power and obligation of the partners in a partnership firm. The partners in the partnership deed are entitled to take part in the management of the business. All the partners may freely access to the accounts of the firm. Section 31 They are entitled to receive 5% interest on the capital invested in the firm. Section 27 (c) The net profits and the losses of the partnership firm shall be divided between the partners in a proportion specified in the partnership deed. The partners are also entitled to the weekly drawings out of the partnership accounts as per the share of profits held by each partners. For the purpose of partnership, a partner making an actual payment beyond the capital, which such partner has agreed to subscribe, shall become entitled to interest @ 5% per annum from the date of payment or advance. On the other hand, the deed specifies that a partner shall not be entitled to interest on the capital subscribed by such partner prior to the ascertainment of profits. Section 27 (a) They are entitled to be indemnified by the firm for any payments made for the proper conduct of the firm. Section 3 If the parties enters into a partnership deed for undefined time the partnership may be dissolved from the date mentioned in the notice or from the date of communication of such notice (Khoroshilov, 2017). Section 35(1) (c) Whereas in the deed it is mentioned where no term is fixed or the term is expired the partners agrees to continue with the partnership without fixing any further terms any partner may determine the partnership after giving three months notice to other partners. Under the Partnership Act 1908 court is dissolves a partnership agreement under the following grounds: Section 38 (a) Section 38 (b) Section 38 (c) Section 38 (d) Section 38 (e) Section 38 (f) The partnership deed did not include section 38(e) of the Act where a court may dissolve a partnership agreement if it opines that the partnership cannot be carried on without a loss. The partners must discharge certain duties and perform legal obligations. They must render true accounts of the firms as stated in the Act. Section 31 The firm shall not be bound by the acts of the partner if the partners have the notice of such agreement as stipulated by the Act. This statutory provision has not been included in the deed. Section 11 The relevant sections for partners accountability towards the firm for any personal profits or benefits earned from the use of the firms property or name, without consent of other partners (Corwin Ciampi, 2016). Section 32 Section 33 A majority of partner may be expelled only if power has been conferred between the partners under the Act, which has not been included in the deed. Section 28 References Corwin, L. D., Ciampi, A. J. (2016).Law Firm Partnership Agreements. Law Journal Press. Khoroshilov, Y. (2017). Partnership Dissolution: Information and Efficiency.

Workload Issues In The Profession Of Caregiving †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Workload Issues In The Profession Of Caregiving. Answer: Introduction: In the modern working environment, workload is found to be of major concern, it effects the quality of work as well as the health of the workers irrespective of the field. The issue is of high relevance as it is deteriorating the productivity of performances from the professionals side (Gupta, Li and Sharda 2013). Professional efficiency and proportion of the work base is directly related to one another, lesser the proportion of work better the results. The profession of nursing is of high relevance as it deals with the health of the public and a healthy population can only deliver positive outputs for a countrys economy (Aiken et al 2013). Workload in the profession of nursing is increasing with the increase in the population around the world. The issue is discussed elaborately in the following paragraphs with the incorporation of certain ideologies and procedures to minimize the negative impact of such situations in the organizational level. The ways by which the problems related to workload in the field of nursing can be lessened or eradicated are also analyzed and discussed in the report. Reasons behind the increase in workload in the profession of care giving: There are basically four major reasons behind the elevation of workload of the nurses, the first being the increase in the demand of caregivers, it is because of the increase in the population of old age people as a result of the advancement of medical sciences (Carmona-Monge et al 2013). The population in totality is also increasing and the requirement of nurses is proportionally elevating. The second reason is the presence of nurses, inadequate for the scenario. The nursing schools are not able to fulfill the demands of producing the number of nurses annually needed in the health care industry. The shortage of professional people in the field is impacting the future of the profession in a severe manner. The third reason being the increase in the demand of delivering overtime duty and reduction in the number of staffs has also impacted the problematic scenario. The fourth reason is the reduction in the interval of patients stay in the health care centers. The increase in the cost of treatment in the present time has made the hospitals to ensure the reduction in the average time of the patients stay, this requires the work of the caregivers to be more intensive than before, as a result it is creating additional burden in the field of nursing. Impact of workload in the field of nursing: The complexity of the nursing profession is in itself a challenge to cope up with, the inclusion of pressure in the profession is known to drastically influence the working process of the clinicians as a whole. The pressure that is created due to the reason, effects the well-being of the care givers also, they tend to have several physical and mental ailments due to the load they have to deal with, on a regular basis to maintain their efficiency levels (Bogaert et al 2013). People in the profession already have the demand of being on duty without scheduled routine as the profession demands the presence of the clinician at any time of the day. The settings in which the nurses work often exceed the capacity and staffing levels, it creates additional problems in such set ups. The situation level work that the health personnel need to put emphasis on, remain neglected as the nurse do not have the time needed to retaliate such requirements. Such situations result in suboptimal performance by the care providers. Workload also contributes in the occurrence of stress, emotional exhaustion and anger among the caregivers, the thrust created by workload in the organization is so high in the present world that the profession is being avoided by the youth of todays generation. Varied surveys done on the caregivers have highlighted the need to put emphasis on the need to decrease the workload in the nursing profession as it directly or indirectly influences the patient outcome (Aiken et al 2012). Measurement of the degree of workload in the profession of nursing: The degree or measurement of workload cannot be quantitatively inspected, the traditional measurement methods for the issue is not found to be apt to analyze the criticalness of the problem. They do not capture the concern adequately. In the recent times, the measurement of the impact is done in a dynamic and comprehensive way, the criteria that are considered for the analysis purpose are of major importance, they include the examination of the scenario by dividing the aspect into psychological, physiological and procedural parts which are going to be discussed in the following paragraphs (Myny et al 2012). Considering the criteria of psychology is important in analyzing the degree of workload in caregiving profession (Daud-Gallotti et al 2012). The mental well-being of the professionals in the field reflects on the output of their working. The nurses tend to have a lessened level of efficiency when they have work pressure, the impact of imbalanced mental health can have detrimental consequences as they work on several critical patients at the same time. The patients are immensely effected if the treatment is not properly administered to them. Physiological well-being is also considered as the physical health of the nurses can deteriorate the planning proficiency that the nurses take care of. The proficiency if not up to the standard that is required in the process of caregiving, can have highly reduced patient outcome. Patient outcome directly impacts on the productivity of a health care center which distracts the patients from visiting such centers (Berry and Curry 2012). Procedural aspect of nursing is the measurement of the response latency of the personnel. Workload is often seen to make the health professional dormant or latent in their work, the efficiency of a health care center is highly effected by such situations as it diminishes the productivity and has a lethal impact on the patient under the professional as they are not taken care of in the right way. Effects of workload on patient outcome: There are several consequences that are noted to be seen as a result of increased workload of nurses. The safety of the patients is affected adversely due to heavy nursing related workload. Job satisfaction levels of the nurses in the profession has highly reduced as a consequence of elevated workload, the satisfaction of the caregivers is of significance as the productivity of their way of administration depends on it (Ball et all 2013). The nurses are seen to deliver duty for more than 12 hours a day, which is unethical on the professionals side. The hectic schedule that they have to do their work in, reduces their interaction with the patients they are taking care of and as a result the analysis process that is done by the caregivers by conversing and communicating with patients, decreases (Van Bogaert et al 2013). The incorporation of the principles of caregiving based on strengths, requires the positive interaction between the nurse, the patient and the family, but workload devoid the professionals from doing so, due to lack of time. Such situations can highly effect the planning of treatment base as communication gap can create misunderstanding between the patient and care provider (Happell et al 2013). The workload in the profession as a result has only negative impact on client or patient outcome. The atmosphere of the set up as a whole is also hampered as it arises many speculations between the caregivers and the patients due to the lack of proper planning in the organization. The patients if not given the attention needed lead to various violent conditions that are harmful for the management of the health care organization. The speculations can only be avoided by distributing work to the workload in an ethical manner. Strategies to be implemented for minimizing the effects of workload in the field of nursing: Effectivity of the nursing process can be increased by following certain methodologies. The implementation can be processed by the governance of the authorities of the health care centers in cooperation with the health care departments under the government of the associated countries. The governments of all the countries, facing this issue, should work on increasing the number of schools offering the degree course in nursing, this will partially decrease the problem of scarcity in the number of caregivers present in the health care centers (Grgens?Ekermans and Brand 2012). Promotion of the nursing stream can also encourage the students for taking up caregiving as their profession, this will can also increase the number of people in the profession. The workload can also be lessened by the implementation of nursing process on the basis of the available evidences for a particular kind of condition (evidence based caregiving), it reduces the time taken for examination of a situation and increases the satisfaction levels of the caregivers (Van Bogaert et al 2014). It also minimizes the problems faced by the caregivers to operate under the stringent conditions by facilitating ideologies that can be implemented under the specific provided conditions. The management of the healthcare centers should also focus on keeping a track on the way, the evidences are taken under consideration for implementation of the evidences in the right way by the clinician. That is the decision making process should be analyzed by the higher authorities before incorporation (Bittner and Oconnor 2012). Students who are undertaking the subject to further take up nursing as a profession, should be given proper and influential training regarding the present scenario of the medical organizations. The students should be aware of the workload that the present health personnel have to handle and should be given lessons to tackle the situation. Regularizing the implementation of scenario study in the curriculum can also enhance their situation and they can implement their personalized study base while they face such crisis. The process should be administered in a hierarchal way. It implies that the caregiving procedure should be scrutinized by other senior personnel in the profession so that the process is continuously under supervision (Lu et al 2012). It ensures and enhances the right kind of behavior from the nurse to the patient. There are several models available to be incorporated by the clinicians. The model of patient care delivery system is an ideal concept that can be incorporated in the health care setups. The model consists of the basic points that can reduce the period of caregiving and hence reducing the workload (Twigg and McCullough 2014). It is a three step procedure which considers the input, throughputs and outputs as major action plan points. Firstly, the characteristics of the client, provider and the behavior of the systems are considered, these are the basic inputs that should be analyzed by the authorities. The process of nursing care and the complex environmental characters shou ld be then examined effectively. These points are considered to be throughputs of the model. The final point that is the output of the scenario is taken under governance of the health care organization that consists of the final patient outcomes, nursing outcomes and the outcome of the system as a whole. Conclusion: Therefore, from the above discussion it can be concluded that the workload issues dealt by the clinical professionals are of major concern, the productivity and efficiency of the workplace majorly depend on the nurses associated with the health care organizations. The patient outcome or the client satisfaction is met basically by the way the caregivers operate with them. Increase in the workload of such personnel, decreases the patient outcome. The economy of the health care organization is also effected in such scenario. The impact of workload has been considered as a major issue in the present care giving industry, it has highly deteriorated the working in the healthcare industries as a whole. Strategical enhancement of such frameworks in the hospitals and nursing homes, improves the condition of the centers as well as increases the satisfaction levels of the care providers. The implementation of strategies is very much dependent on the management of health care centers, scrutinizi ng the implementation process is a major concern to be worked on, to decrease the pressure that the caregivers face in the centers. Working in health industry in itself is a challenge, increase in the work pressure has impact on the health of the caregivers too. The strategies should also have the inculcation of nursing outcomes as given in the model of patient care delivery system. More importance should be given to this particular issue as it is one of the determinant factors that can either build or break the backbone of the health care industry. References: Aiken, L.H., Sermeus, W., Van den Heede, K., Sloane, D.M., Busse, R., McKee, M., Bruyneel, L., Rafferty, A.M., Griffiths, P., Moreno-Casbas, M.T. and Tishelman,C., 2012. Patient safety, satisfaction, and quality of hospital care: cross sectional surveys of nurses and patients in 12 countries in Europe and the United States.Bmj,344, p.e1717. Aiken, L.H., Sloane, D.M., Bruyneel, L., Van den Heede, K., Sermeus, W. and RN4CAST Consortium, 2013. Nurses reports of working conditions and hospital quality of care in 12 countries in Europe.International journal of nursing studies,50(2), pp.143-153. Ball, J.E., Murrells, T., Rafferty, A.M., Morrow, E. and Griffiths, P., 2013. Care left undoneduring nursing shifts: associations with workload and perceived quality of care.Quality and Safety in Health Care, pp.bmjqs-2012. Berry, L. and Curry, P., 2012.Nursing workload and patient care: Understanding the value of nurses, the effects of excessive workload, and how nurse-patient ratios and dynamic staffing models can help. Canadian Federation of Nurses Unions. Bittner, N.P. and O'connor, M., 2012. Focus on retention: Identifying barriers to nurse faculty satisfaction.Nursing Education Perspectives,33(4), pp.251-254. Bogaert, P., Clarke, S., Willems, R. and Mondelaers, M., 2013. Nurse practice environment, workload, burnout, job outcomes, and quality of care in psychiatric hospitals: a structural equation model approach.Journal of advanced nursing,69(7), pp.1515-1524. Carmona-Monge, F.J., Rodrguez, G.M.R., Herranz, C.Q., Gmez, S.G. and Marn-Morales, D., 2013. Evaluation of the nursing workload through the Nine Equivalents for Nursing Manpower Use Scale and the Nursing Activities Score: a prospective correlation study.Intensive and Critical Care Nursing,29(4), pp.228-233. Daud-Gallotti, R.M., Costa, S.F., Guimares, T., Padilha, K.G., Inoue, E.N., Vasconcelos, T.N., Rodrigues, F.D.S.C., Barbosa, E.V., Figueiredo, W.B. and Levin, A.S., 2012. Nursing workload as a risk factor for healthcare associated infections in ICU: a prospective study.PloS one,7(12), p.e52342. Grgens?Ekermans, G. and Brand, T., 2012. Emotional intelligence as a moderator in the stressburnout relationship: a questionnaire study on nurses.Journal of clinical nursing,21(15?16), pp.2275-2285. Gupta, A., Li, H. and Sharda, R., 2013. Should I send this message? Understanding the impact of interruptions, social hierarchy and perceived task complexity on user performance and perceived workload.Decision Support Systems,55(1), pp.135-145. Happell, B., Dwyer, T., Reid?Searl, K., Burke, K.J., Caperchione, C.M. and Gaskin, C.J., 2013. Nurses and stress: recognizing causes and seeking solutions.Journal of nursing management,21(4), pp.638-647. Lu, H., Barriball, K.L., Zhang, X. and While, A.E., 2012. Job satisfaction among hospital nurses revisited: a systematic review.International journal of nursing studies,49(8), pp.1017-1038. Myny, D., Van Hecke, A., De Bacquer, D., Verhaeghe, S., Gobert, M., Defloor, T. and Van Goubergen, D., 2012. Determining a set of measurable and relevant factors affecting nursing workload in the acute care hospital setting: a cross-sectional study.International journal of nursing studies,49(4), pp.427-436. Twigg, D. and McCullough, K., 2014. Nurse retention: a review of strategies to create and enhance positive practice environments in clinical settings.International journal of nursing studies,51(1), pp.85-92. Van Bogaert, P., Clarke, S., Wouters, K., Franck, E., Willems, R. and Mondelaers, M., 2013. Impacts of unit-level nurse practice environment, workload and burnout on nurse-reported outcomes in psychiatric hospitals: a multilevel modelling approach.International journal of nursing studies,50(3), pp.357-365. Van Bogaert, P., Timmermans, O., Weeks, S.M., van Heusden, D., Wouters, K. and Franck, E., 2014. Nursing unit teams matter: Impact of unit-level nurse practice environment, nurse work characteristics, and burnout on nurse reported job outcomes, and quality of care, and patient adverse eventsA cross-sectional survey.International journal of nursing studies,51(8), pp.1123-1134.

Why soccer is not famous in United States Essay Example Essay Example

Why soccer is not famous in United States Essay Example Paper Why soccer is not famous in United States Essay Introduction Many people around the world refer football as the official name for soccer and therefore according to them the two names are simply Synonymous. However in America, football is very different from soccer. Football is used in western countries to mean American football (Colin 46). The major difference between American football and soccer arise from the rules and technicalities of the two (Morrow 23). In soccer, the only person who can touch the ball using hands is the goal keeper; the rest can only use the legs and the rest of the body to handle the ball. The ball is kicked by the players all round the field aiming to score at the opponent goal. On the other hand, in Football the ball is carried by hand or thrown by hand only and only person allowed to kick the goal is the kicker and the punter. The team aims at a touch line or turning the ball to the other team (24).Nevertheless, the two sports have similarities in that they are played very hard and rough. Both sports are in most cas es thought to be brutal and masculine hence attracting very few women to like the game. Football players wear full helmet and pads for protection while their soccer counterparts wear pads and other protective materials. The fans for both sports are similar in their love for the sport, they separate according to the team they are passionately cheering for, while hating the opponent team (Frankline 134).The popularity of American football as compared to soccer is one of the major reason as to why soccer is not is famous in United States. According to McGill, The origin of what is now known as modern American football can be traced from the early versions of rugby football at around 1869 (58). Both rugby and American football stems in the varieties of football that was being played in Europe in the middle of 19th century. Soccer or the real football as many would like to refer to it, have its root in the Boston game way back in 1873 at Harvard from the Boston game at Harvard University in 1873. Although American football has its roots in United Kingdom, it was adopted in United States more than where it came from (114).Sports culture in United States is another reason why soccer is not famous in United States. Rogers notes that, despite the fact that sports are an important part of the American culture; their sporting culture is very different from other countries (56). They have unique set of favorite sports while discriminating the rest (57). Among the most preferred sports in United States are basketball, American football, baseball, rugby and ice hockey. The fact that these sports are rarely available elsewhere in the world seems to make United States like their sport culture even more (82).Roger observes that Soccer in United States attracts very minimal media exposure as compared to other games in United States (13). In addition most investors are attracted to other sports rather than soccer, leaving the soccer industries without enough finances to attract massive competition and the media. Other major leagues of the other most preferred sports attract enormous media coverage and also prominent competition leaving a major financial base and huge domestic market behind them (29).Lack of developed systems for soccer in United States is among the major contributor of reduced popularity of United States soccer. Soccer associations in United States are far much behind as compared to the United Kingdom. System of promotion and relegation of soccer clubs does not exist in United States like in Europe. Moreover major sports leagues exist as system of exist as associations of franchise making it Very hard to development soccer (Frankline 48).According to Morrow, the extent to which various sports are associated with tertiary and secondary education is unique in United States (77). Basketball and American football are the most favorite game in learning institutions. It is no wonder that they are also among the favorites nationally (80). Looking at football in high school and tertiary institutions, it is regarded as the game for the affluent and there fore given stereotypes names. The younger generation develops their dislike for soccer right from these institutions translating the same to the older generation (82).Americans prefers electrifying and adrenaline raising sports activities which soccer may not provide. Life is on the first lane in United States, and therefore increased stress and anxiety disorder is the order of the day (Franklin 50). An exciting and electrifying game is essential for the fans to release stress. Soccer is not regarded as one of the electrifying sports and therefore not one of the American favorites. Most of the soccer games take time before any team scores a goal and this leads to the fans being too eager for the team they are supporting to score. If the team they are not supporting score a goal this may lead to some fighting with people who are supporting the other team. Anyone, who maybe suf fering from attention disorder cannot make it to watch soccer since waiting the teams to make a score demands patience from the funs (Franklin 69). Other sports which dominate in popularity are considered exciting for both players and funs. Competitions from other sports like basketball, baseball and hockey have also led to soccer having fewer fans. There are other entertainment which keeps most of the youth busy in USA hence they do not pay much attention to soccer and its importance to them (Franklin 82).Majority of people who plays soccer outside USA have made it their career and they earn lucrative amounts. In united states, soccer have not grown to that level and even most people who play it, do it not for dollars but not for fun. This has impacted in reduced morale and motivation to advance soccer to greater heights since players are expected to juggle sports with other careers in order to earn a living. When Soccer was introduced in USA, it was viewed as a sport for working c lass. It was until recently that the mentality has changed. It is now viewed as a sport for all people including suburban, middle and upper middle class people (Morrow 90).The quality of soccer in united states is still very low as compared to other sports in united states .although the quality have improved over the years comparing it from earlier days when soccer was introduced, soccer in Europe is far much advanced.The footholds of soccer in United States is however beginning to show up especially in town areas where there are working-class. This can be explained by the high percentage of people who are immigrants from soccer dominated countries (Morrow 92).A bad example set by the regions where soccer is highly valued may have led in one way or another to reduced popularity of soccer in United States. Violence based on racial differences amongst the funs and players is not a thing the peaceful Americans may want to be associated with.Reasons as to why soccer is not popular in we stern world ranges from demographic, economical and social aspect to the culture of the American people (Colin 235). One of the factors of course is the marketability of soccer in United States which according to Colin, is always faced with its own fare share of hurdles (235). Another factor is the issue of gender and the people s perception on the major league soccer and the masculinity of the game. Majority of women in the United States for example have negative attitude in their mind that, it is only men who can participate in major league soccer. They strongly believe that football is for men a notion that Colin consider to be misplaced since football is a good sport for women as well (238).The masculinity mentality has been entrenched even to the women soccer funs leading to shortage in female soccer funs who are regarded as pace setters when it comes to cheering a team. In addition, soccer is still considered as an alien to some people in United States. Mostly of the Kids in U nited States are socialized to view soccer as a sport for foreigners the same way marathon and long distance athletics is viewed. Most people who did not grow up with soccer see it as a boring sport and find it hard to be fans of soccer. Constrain of conservatism as Franklin says, can also be a factor leading to anti-soccer entrance. Majority of people in US have this assumption that soccer will never be popular (95).Nevertheless, soccer in United States is now gaining grounds in most of the states. It is one of the most favorites among the large European and Latino immigrant population like in Chicago, Los Angeles, New York, and Texas (McGill 74). The dramatic growth in participation of youth has have over the year accelerated the national steady growth in their style of playing since 1990. At the moment almost as many girls as boys play soccer in United States and that has contributed to the women national team growth as well (76). Although the major leagues have not attracted ade quate attention as the major leagues outside United States, they have shown an upward progress in popularity (77).Over the years, the soccer federations have continued to grow and expand from a single team membership to many teams and they have also advanced beyond being just a soccer championship. Roger observes that, Soccer have grown not only to be one of the popular televised events in United States but also a major source of advertising source of revenue for the television network (123). He concludes that, although soccer still have a long way to go considering the minimal media coverage, it is beginning to attract recommendable media coverage as the number of advertisers wishing to debut elaborate and expensive commercial continue to increase day by day (125).The soccer governing body is the heart of soccer in any country, it operate league systems and normally categorizes teams in various divisions. They come out with a clear schedule on how each team will play each other in the league at home and away. At the end of the season, the officials of the soccer governing council come together to determine the winner of league and the best payers for the season. The council is mandated to reward the best performer and share the salaries between clubs. The governing bodies also help to stop the rich team from stockpiling the top players (Colin 15). Why soccer is not famous in United States Essay Thank you for reading this Sample!

5 Tips That Will Help You Get a Job With No Experience

5 Tips That Will Help You Get a Job With No Experience Getting a job, especially in a field that’s relatively new to you, can be fraught with confusion and contradictions. Perhaps the Catch-22-est of them all: everyone wants to hire someone with experience, but how do you get that experience if no one will hire you? You know you’re ready and qualified for these jobs, but without prior experience it’s hard to convince hiring managers glancing at a resume. It’s incredibly frustrating, especially when you’re just starting out in a new field (or trying to).   1. Get Moral SupportFirst things first: you’re not alone. Discouraged job hunters often turn to online social forums like Reddit to see if others are experiencing the same job search pain. There’s comfort in numbers, of course, but more importantly, people are able to share their own experiences and even offer solutions that ended up working.  2. Market Your  ExperienceSometimes, it’s a matter of sending your cover letter and resume to 100  different places until the right job without experience comes along, especially in a tough market. But more likely, you’re unwittingly sabotaging yourself by limiting how you present your experience. Experience comes in many different forms, and although employers tend to prize paid experience above all else, look at your resume and see if you’re unintentionally selling yourself short. Maybe you don’t have three years in a paid role, but you do have a year-long internship doing much of the same role. Ditto for skills you use in a volunteer job or in an educational setting.Make sure your resume is clear on your skills that overlap with the job you want- and if that means tailoring your resume for each job opening, go for it. You can also call out this point in the cover letter, saying you have extensive experience in X skill in a similar office setting.  3.  Be Open to Starting From the BottomGetting the full-time paid gig in your chosen fie ld will almost always be the gold standard. It’s likely what you’re seeking, but if you’re having trouble breaking into the industry, there might be a back door. Many companies seek temporary or part-time employees to work on short-term projects or to screen potential candidates for a permanent position. Being a â€Å"temp† can feel like a step back when you have your heart set on a full-on career-starting position, but don’t count it out.I had this experience when I moved to a new city, degree in hand, and no job. Entry-level jobs in my target field (book publishing) were hard to come by at the time, and unfortunately â€Å"career goals† can’t pay the rent. So I signed up with a local staffing agency and moved through a number of temporary positions over the next few years. Not all of them were in publishing, but every single job gave me necessary workplace skills and experience that eventually helped me get on the path I wanted.It c an seem like you’re giving up on your goals to take a temporary or part-time position, when really you’re repositioning yourself to be a better candidate for the right job.  4.  Network in Your IndustryDoes your target field have a professional association or union? Dig a little deeper and start researching what the resources are in your industry. If there are public networking events or social events, go! Meet new people, and start building relationships and shoring them up via LinkedIn or other social media. You may not get a job right away, but worst case, you’ll have spent an evening learning from people who share your professional interests- and they might remember your name as that awesome person who didn’t have decades of experience but showed great initiative and knowledge at that party a few months ago.  5. Look for the needle in the haystack.Take a close look at companies in your industry- it’s possible that some do offer training o r experience-building positions for people without prior experience. You can also contact human resources departments in your industry and ask them about training and entry-level opportunities offered by the company. It will help you get a better sense of the â€Å"friendly† opportunities for your level of experience and help you focus your search accordingly.Don’t let a lack of experience daunt you. Everyone, in every industry, has to start somewhere. There are breaks available, really. And while it can be frustrating to wait, you can take proactive steps to make sure you’re ready to take advantage when opportunities do come up.

Gay Marriages Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Gay Marriages - Essay Example Due to the other states understanding the importance of America as an equal nation, those in support of gay marriage believe that gay marriage will soon be celebrated nationwide. There are many arguments pertaining to whether or not gay marriage should be legalized. For those that are against gay marriage, many of them take religious or personal stances. They point out verses in the Bible or other religious texts about gay marriage being a sin, they state that homosexuality is morally wrong, or else claim that since children cannot be made without a male and a female, homosexuality is not proper. While these alleged proofs or beliefs may condone the personal beliefs of people against gay marriage, those that are for gay marriage use different evidence supporting their own claims as to why gay marriage should be legalized. They do so by taking a legal point of view of the argument. The people in favor of gay marriage may respect the beliefs and opinions of those that are against gay m arriage, and some may even understand where those in opposition are coming from. However, those that are for gay marriage point out that there is a separation of church and state, which makes all religious arguments invalid in regard to legal matters (Snyder, 2006). The separation of church and state makes it clear that laws are not to be created or rejected based on religious principles. This is due in part to many people not believing in or agreeing with the concepts that religions speak of. In that mindset, supporters of gay marriage feel the need to point out all of the legal aspects of gay couples being denied marriage, stating that they are being denied their legal rights when they are denied the opportunity to marry. Using the United States Constitution, more specifically the Fourteenth Amendment, gay couples and those who approve of equality for homosexuals are able to argue that they are being denied rights as American citizens when their pleas of marriage are turned down. The Fourteenth Amendment often comes into play in these arguments as the amendment states that all United States citizens will be treated equally regardless of gender, nationality, race, religion, and other factors. People in favor of gay marriage believe that this amendment also applies to sexual orientation (Gerstmann, 2007). Even though the amendment may not state it directly, the amendment exists to make sure that every citizen of the United States is treated the same way despite the characteristics that may set them apart from others. By implementing this amendment in legal arguments to legalize gay marriage, many who are for gay marriages have seen positive results, which is encouraging others to rely on their rights as citizens to demand to be treated with equality. As such, those that argue for gay marriage have more valid arguments than those that argue against gay marriage. People in favor of gay marriage have turned the argument from a religious, moralistic one to an argu ment where the legal rights of citizens are in jeopardy. The concept of legalized gay marriages is becoming more of a reality due to the fact that people are making it happen by making use of their rights as citizens. As previously mentioned, there are quite a few states that have approved of gay marriages simply because they acknowledge that by denying gay marriages, they are denying people their rights.

Planning Ethics Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Planning Ethics - Term Paper Example While cities must inevitably develop when the opportunities are available, it is the responsibility of planners through planning ethics to consolidate moral principles and the factors that contribute to the initiation and development. This paper will discuss the aspect of â€Å"Planning Ethics† with regards to the development of cities and from the understanding that the primary function of planners is to serve the public interest. The justification for planning ethics is that environmental, economic, political and social development presents both opportunities and threats for the community (Gasper, 2011). On the other hand, planners are primarily responsible to themselves and secondarily to the public and authorities for optimum standards of integrity and proficiency. Therefore, since planners play key decision-making roles, planning ethics dictate that they exercise independent, honest and fair judgment in the services they deliver (APA, 2014a). Therefore, planning should not only target to develop cities simply because trade opportunities are available and the transport infrastructure is favorable or can easily be upgraded. It should also target the welfare of the citizens so as to result in more equitable and efficient cities for not only the present but future generations as well (APA, 2014b). For example, when oil was discovered in Qatar, the road networks were rapidly expanded and developed to open up t rade opportunities but not much consideration was given to the possibility of a population explosion. However, with the rapid population growth and mostly by expatriates, the city has been forced to upgrade its transport network including an additional airport, new highways and a metro system to ease congestion from its roads. This is because the planners did not take into consideration how development and sustainability relate to each other (TCN, 2014). When planning ethics are

Is the Use of Animals in Research Ethical Essay

Is the Use of Animals in Research Ethical - Essay Example These arguments are true in some cases. However, it is almost impossible to stop using such animals because their use is of great importance for the survival of man and animals as well. This paper analyses the ethics of using animals during research, the anticipated audience being animal health experts. Animals are often used as substitutes for human volunteers and are important specimens through whom scientists can monitor reaction to various stimuli and other significant variables in complex organs and tissues. They are therefore important for the development of medicine or testing medicine before use in the large human and animal population. If this is not done, a large population of human beings and animals would have died from diseases or affected by certain drugs that were not tested before being released and this would have been more unethical. Basing on this evidence and facts, I hold to the position that the use of animals in research is ethical. This research is important b ecause it will help to bring to an end or minimize the strife that exists between scientists and groups that argue that the use of animals in research is unethical. ... Â  Evidence supporting the use of animals in research According to the British Royal Society (2004), virtually all achievements in the field of medicine during the 20th century are credited to the use of animals. Through their use, there have been great breakthroughs in the development of vaccines, antibiotics, anesthesia and numerous medicines for treating various diseases. Biomedical research would have required the use of human volunteers for testing. However, it should be noted that some of the experiments are very risky and the subjects could die and this could lead many legal issues. Therefore, animals provide a good alternative that allows scientists to observe reactions and do experimental manipulations on them in order to investigate mechanisms of normal functions and disease. This is the rationale behind the use of animals used in research. Apart from the risky nature of some experiments, there are also some other reasons that make the use of animals in research inevitable . The idea of shifting to the use of non-animal subjects in scientific experiments is very attractive and agreeable. However, there are some types of experiments that cannot be performed through the use of such alternatives. According to the Institute for Laboratory Animal Research (2004), even the most sophisticated type of computers are not able to model the interactions between cells, tissues, organs, molecules and organisms, and the environment. There are many types of researchers in which animals have been used. These are toxicology testing, pure research, basic or pure research, applied research, drug testing, education, defence, and breeding. Basic/pure research is used to investigate how organisms function, develop and behave.

Are All Religions Basically The Same?

Are All Religions Basically The Same? Imagine that three people are all touching a part of an elephant. The first is touching the elephants leg and says that the elephant is like the truck of a tree. The second is touching the elephants trunk and disagrees with the first. They think that the trunk is more like a large snake. The third person thinks that the elephant is more like a great wall because they are toughing the side. Each person is convinced that they are right and the others are wrong because of what they know and have experienced. What they dont realize is that they are all technically right because they are each describing a different aspect of the elephant. The same analogy can be applied to the major religions of the world. In 1973, John Hick discussed the idea for a paradigm shift in thinking about different religions in his book God and the Universe of Faiths. Hicks idea is that the different religions could be viewed as different human responses to one divine reality In a later book, Hick presented a theory that attempted to explain all the religions. Hick refers to this theory as a pluralistic hypothesis and defines it as that all religions can be described as culturally conditioned responses to the same ultimate reality. This theory faces one major difficulty though, the contradicting claims that each different religions makes. How can it be possible that all major religions are responses of the same ultimate reality if they contradict one another? For a pluralistic view to be plausible, the hypothesis has to sufficiently explain how religions can make incompatible claims while at the same time be responses of the same ultimate reality. To overcome this difficulty, Hick attempts to explain four critical factors: (1) people are inherently religious; (2) the substantial diversity of the content of religious beliefs; (3) that religious beliefs are not an illusion; and (4) that basically every religion positively changes its followers lives. Hick doesnt spend much time on the first two factors because they are self-evident to most. To argue the third factor Hick examines naturalism and absolutism. Naturalism is the belief that only natural laws and forces operate in the world and that nothing exists beyond the natural world. Hick believes that the universe can be understood when looking at it from this perspective. What he does not find plausible with the claim is that all religious beliefs are delusional. Absolutism, in contrast to naturalism, generally accepts a realist view of religious phenomena. Absolutism is also setup so that only one system of religious beliefs is exactly true and all other religions which disagree with it are false. Hick rejects this attitude because although absolutism may seem plausible when looking at only one religion, application to the real world leaves it highly implausible. Also if absolutism were true, empirical evidence would exist to confirm it. It is obvious that different religions hold conflicting beliefs on several aspects. It seems obvious enough also that almost every religion has positive moral change on its believers. So it implausible to believe that only one religion is true and it is the people who believe this that Hicks hypothesis has the most appeal to because it provides the framework for the claim that any religion which positively affects its believers lives is valid. However, for the hypothesis to be plausible it must sufficiently cover the conflicting truth-claims problem. A difficulty Hicks pluralistic hypothesis faces is the conflicting belief systems of various religions. In Hicks book An Interpretation of Religion, Hick claims that all religions authentically experience what he defines as the Real. Yet each religion has beliefs that are different and often contradict other religions. The question then is if different belief systems and conflicting truth-claims leaves Hicks pluralistic theory implausible. Hick does not believe that conflicting truth-claims disproves his theory but they do present a difficulty. Hick devotes an entire chapter in An Interpretation of Religion to discussing them, covering three separate points on which religions tend to disagree on. First are matters of historical fact, then matters of trans-historical fact and differing conceptions of the Real. Hick believes that these disagreements can be resolved by applying the historical method but it proves to be difficult. One reason is because many historical claims of religions have no other historical support outside the religion that makes them. Hick reasons that historical differences just must be accepted, because many are not over central articles of faith. Hicks basic argument is that most historical disagreements cannot be resolved and since the disagreements are not related to the essence of any religion, resolving them is not critical to the argument and therefore the disagreements do not create a problem for his hypothesis. Later in is his book, Hick considers conflicting trans-historical truth-claims. He defines them as having to do with questions to which there is, in principle, a true answer but which cannot be established by historical or other empirical evidence. Two examples he gives are the nature of the universe and the fate at death of human beings. The nature of the universe has been a main dispute between theistic and non-theistic religions. In applying Hicks definition, this is a dispute to which there is, in principle, only one valid answer. Nevertheless, the question cannot currently be answered, even by modern science because current scientific cosmologies can be companionable with either perspective. The fate at death of human beings is another example of conflicting trans-historical truth claims. This conflict mainly arises between eastern and western religions. Eastern religions emphasize multiple reincarnations or rebirths after death. Western theistic religions claim though that a person lives a single life that is followed by judgment at death to determine their eternal fate. These points are important to Hicks pluralistic hypothesis. In Hicks examination of various religions, he does not directly address different religions different beliefs of what happens at death because despite the differing beliefs, Hick reasons that every faith helps its people develop morally which he believes is an essential result of the switch from self-centeredness to Reality-centeredness. On this basis, he argues that these differences do not hamper salvation/liberation and therefore do not present any problems for his hypothesis. In his book, Hick also examines conflicting beliefs about the ultimate Reality. Hicks hypothesis asserts that all religions are correct interpretations of the Real. However, one obvious problem of this is the drastically different notion of the Real that each religion holds. As Hick previously claims, each religions deity is a correct, yet different face of the Real and since no concepts, categories, or distinctions can be applied to the Real, this prevents any potential contradiction between religions. So the differences between the basic concepts and practices of different religions, the different (and often) conflicting historical and trans-historical beliefs and the varied belief systems on which all of them are formed, are harmonious with Hicks pluralistic hypothesis. Compatible in that the multiple world religions constitute different conceptions and perceptions of, and responses to, the Real from within the different cultural ways of being human. However, Hicks hypothesis does not offer a satisfactory explanation of the problem of the conflicting truth-claims of the different religions. In order for Hicks hypothesis to be probable it has to be free from internal contradictions and accurately explain religious phenomena. It cannot sufficiently meet either of these conditions. This paper began with the scenario of three people each touching a different part of an elephant. This metaphor is basically a simplified version of Hicks hypothesis. Each religion is like a man who is unable to see the elephant as the whole it really is. But how do we know that the people are all describing the same elephant? Perhaps the first was actually holding the truck of a tree and the second was actually holding a fire hose and the third was touching the side of a building. This scenario has a critical flaw, it assumes the same thing it allegedly proves, that all three were touching an elephant. Furthermore, the scenario described does not really describe the worlds religions. None of the descriptions were conflicting, just different. What if each of the statements made about the elephant contradicted the statements of the others? Would it still be possible to assume that everyone is describing the same elephant? How much contradiction is required before it becomes clear that its not the same elephant everyone is describing? This same question can be applied to Hicks hypothesis. With the conflicting truth-claims of various religions, is it really reasonable to accept Hicks claim that all religions are just different interpretations of the same reality? Hick addresses the credibility of the possibility that every religion worships the same God and just refers to him by different names in Disputed Questions, entitled Jews, Christians, Muslims: Do We All Worship the Same God? He concludes that the trouble of this claim is that the various descriptions have to be compatible. The same criticism Hick applied against that position can be applied to Hicks own hypothesis. The differences between religions are far too great for his hypothesis to be plausible. Sensitivity Analysis: Applications and Issues Sensitivity Analysis: Applications and Issues For a given linear programming model, finding the optimal solution is of major importance. But it is not the only information available. There is a very good amount of sensitivity information. It is basically the information that accounts for what happens when data values are changed. Sensitivity analysis basically talks about how the uncertainity in the output of a model can be attributed to different sources of uncertainity in the input model. Uncertainity analysis is a related practice which quantifies the uncertainity in the output of a model. In an ideal situation, uncertainity and sensitivity analysis must run in tandem. If a study is carried out which involves some form of statistical modelling (forming mathematical equations involving variables), sensitivity analysis is used in order to investigate exactly how robust the study is. It is also used for a wide range of other purposes including decision making, error checking in models, understanding the relationship between input and output variables and enhancing communication between the people who make the decisions and the people involved in constructing the models. For example, we know that there are some variables which are always uncertain in a budgeting process. Operating expenses, future tax rates, interest rates etc. Are some of the variables which may not be known with a great amount of accuracy. In this regard sensitivity analysis basically helps us in understanding that if these variables deviate from their expected values, then how will the business, model or system that is being analyzed will be affected. An assumption called certainty assumption needs to be invoked in order to formulate a problem as a linear program. The assumption involved knowing what value the data took on, and decisions are made based on that data. However, this assumption is somewhat doubtful: the data might be unknown, or guessed at, or otherwise inaccurate. Thus, determining the effect on the optimal decisions if the values are changed is clearly not feasible because some numbers in the data are more important than others. Can we find the important numbers? Can we determine the effect of misestimation? In order to address these questions, linear programming is very handy. Data changes are showed up in the optimal table. A case study using involving sensitivity analysis is worked upon using solver in the later part of the report. 1.2. TABLEAU SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS Assume that we solve a linear program by ourselves which ends up with an optimal table (or tableau to use a more technical term).We know what an optimal table looks like: It has all the non-negative values in the row 0 (which we also refer to as the cost row), all non-negative right-hand-side values, and an identity matrix embedded. If we have to determine the effect of a change in the data, we will have to try and determine how that change affected the final tableau and thus, try and reform the final tableau accordingly. 1.2.1. COST CHANGES The first change that we will consider is changing the cost value by some delta in the original problem. The original problem and the optimal table are already given. If the same exact calculations are done with the modified problem, we would have the same final optimal table except that the corresponding cost entry would be lower by delta (this happens because the only operations which we do with the first row are add or subtract scalar multiples of it through m to other rows: we never add or subtract the scalar multiples of row 0 to the other rows). For example,let us take the problem Max 3x+2y Subject to x+y = 0 1 + delta >= 0 which holds for -1 = 5.4 11 NZ DISTILLATE: DAN + DJN + DUN >= 8.7 12 US DISTILLATE: DUP + DUN

Irony, Ambiguity, Symbols, and Symbolism in Gullivers Travels Essay

Use of Irony, Ambiguity and Symbolism, in Gulliver's Travels      Ã‚  Ã‚   Although it appears simple and straightforward on the surface, a mere travelogue intended solely for the amusement of children, Gulliver's Travels, by Jonathan Swift, proves, upon closer examination, to be a critical and insightful work satirizing the political and social systems of eighteenth-century England. Through frequent and successful employment of irony, ambiguity and symbolism, Swift makes comments addressing such specific topics as current political controversies as well as such universal concerns as the moral degeneration of man.   While he incorporates them subtly early in the novel, these observations and criticisms eventually progress to a point where they may shock or offend even the most unsuspecting reader.   In order to witness this evolution of presentation, one need only observe the development of the work's central character, Captain Lemuel Gulliver, as Swift has designed his novel in such a way that, as his aspersions harshen and intensify, so do Gulliver's actions and attitudes.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   For instance, in book one, "A Voyage to Lilliput", when Gulliver finds himself lost in a world one-twelfth the size of his own, he proves himself to be quite naive and impressionable.   Although he is simply too large to perceive them in detail, Gulliver judges the country's inhabitants he meets to be as perfect and innocent as their toylike appearances.   He refers to the Lilliputian emperor, a being not even six inches high, as "His Imperial Majesty" and blindly agrees to perform any demanded service, even though he could easily overpower the tiny natio... ... throughout the story in the form of irony and satire, Gulliver himself offers a solution to his situation at the close of the novel.   He realizes that there is little he can do about being human; he simply must learn to live with himself. To achieve this, he suggests looking in a mirror as often as possible, not only so that he might learn to bear the sight of his own person but also so that he may be constantly reminded   of those shortcomings he seeks so desperately to overcome.    Works Cited and Consulted Backscheider, Paula R. A Being More Intense: A Study of the Prose Works of Buynan, Swift, and Defoe. New York: AMS Press, 1984. Carnochan, W. B. Lemuel Gulliver's Mirror for Man. Berkley: University of California Press, 1968. Swift, Jonathan. Gulliver's Travels. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998.      

Professional market research plan for Bounce Fitness Essay

Research on competition †¢Comparing consumer attitudes to an organisation †¢Services and those of competitors †¢Identifying frequency of use of competitors products and services †¢Identifying key competitors and their strengths †¢Measuring awareness Research on consumers †¢Developing detailed consumer profiles †¢Identifying changes in attitudes and behaviour patterns †¢Identifying existing , potential or lapsed consumers Research on place †¢Identifying attitudes towards location †¢Identifying cooperative opportunities for distribution of information or services †¢Identifying demand for products or services at other locations Research on pricing †¢Identifying attitude towards pricing †¢Identifying cost †¢Testing alternative pricing strategies †¢Research on products and services †¢Evaluating competitors products †¢Evaluating consumer attitudes towards presentation and packaging †¢Identifying potential new products or services or ones which may be at the end of their life cycle †¢Measuring attitudes towards existing products or services Research on promotion †¢Measuring advertising and promotion effectiveness †¢Testing alternative massages †¢Testing and comparing different media options Project 2 Implement, monitor and evaluate the market research plan for Bounce Fitness. A.Develop a detailed ,realistic implementation program †¢Includes an implementation strategy for the identification , selection , contracting and monitoring of all external consultants †¢Defines and communicates clearly all priorities, responsibilities, timelines and budgets, along with all personnel involved †¢Outlines all resources required, where and how they would be obtained, along with associated costs and conditions. †¢Incorporate contingencies for at risk areas †¢Includes a monitoring process to ensure the project sticks to budget and stays on course †¢Determines how you will measure your stakeholder satisfaction at the end of the project †¢Includes an evaluation process for final review of your project. Part B Conduct an information session for contractors †¢Instruction to your researchers in regards to their role and your expectations †¢Documentation and submission procedures †¢Communication strategies Part C Evaluate the research process and findings †¢Evaluate the usefulness of the findings in terms of relevance to initial objectives †¢Evaluate the marketing research methods used †¢Suggest any adjustment required as a result of the evaluations †¢Provide a modified research and implementation plan that reflects the adjustments you would make B 1.Statement of market research needs 2.Include research objectives 3.Include project scope 4.Identify the specific data required, including how it will be gathered , quantified and processed 5.Include estimates of time lines and castings 6.Include all required forms and recording instruments for each research method chosen

Free Essays on Learning From Mistakes

Learning from Mistakes The constant learning that occurs in the everyday lives of humans can often be applied to many aspects in life. This proves true in Patricia Limerick’s essay, â€Å"Haunted America.† Inside Limerick’s essay she explains how we should learn a great deal from war, how we learn from others and our own mistakes. When thinking about her title, â€Å"Haunted America†, the first thing that comes to mind is war and people dying. As Limerick says, â€Å"We live on haunted land, on land that is layers deep in human passion and memory† (503). This quote says that the people who fought at war and died had great consequences that united our nation and we will remember that. Although Americans have often viewed our nation as being free from tradition and on the cutting edge of progress, the past nevertheless shadows our nation and its peoples. Although many wars have taken place with Americans, we some times seem to forget about those who we fought with to gain land. Like the Indians, we still today don’t really recognize them for who they are, we just seem to shove them to the side and forget about them. Today in time you never hear about the Indians accomplishments, it seems as if we just take their land over and never talk about them again. From knowing the real facts on war against the natives, it helps us learn not what to do next time. In Limerick’s essay she has a twelve point guide to war, that has many important issues at stake. In these patterns it teaches us what not to do next time, but they will always be there and remind us what did happen. For instance, like in any class, such as English we might not do something righ t the first time, but after a while we catch on and begin to do whats right, we learn from our own mistakes. As Limerick says, â€Å"a whole range of people who see each other as alien and who feel that they have no common ground, benefit from the tragic events of conquest† (... Free Essays on Learning From Mistakes Free Essays on Learning From Mistakes Learning from Mistakes The constant learning that occurs in the everyday lives of humans can often be applied to many aspects in life. This proves true in Patricia Limerick’s essay, â€Å"Haunted America.† Inside Limerick’s essay she explains how we should learn a great deal from war, how we learn from others and our own mistakes. When thinking about her title, â€Å"Haunted America†, the first thing that comes to mind is war and people dying. As Limerick says, â€Å"We live on haunted land, on land that is layers deep in human passion and memory† (503). This quote says that the people who fought at war and died had great consequences that united our nation and we will remember that. Although Americans have often viewed our nation as being free from tradition and on the cutting edge of progress, the past nevertheless shadows our nation and its peoples. Although many wars have taken place with Americans, we some times seem to forget about those who we fought with to gain land. Like the Indians, we still today don’t really recognize them for who they are, we just seem to shove them to the side and forget about them. Today in time you never hear about the Indians accomplishments, it seems as if we just take their land over and never talk about them again. From knowing the real facts on war against the natives, it helps us learn not what to do next time. In Limerick’s essay she has a twelve point guide to war, that has many important issues at stake. In these patterns it teaches us what not to do next time, but they will always be there and remind us what did happen. For instance, like in any class, such as English we might not do something righ t the first time, but after a while we catch on and begin to do whats right, we learn from our own mistakes. As Limerick says, â€Å"a whole range of people who see each other as alien and who feel that they have no common ground, benefit from the tragic events of conquest† (...

Free Essays on The Promise

This article, The Promise, was taken straight from the book â€Å"The Sociological Imagination†. The author of this book is C. Wright Mills, who was thought of as a very controversial sociologist when The Sociological Imagination was published in 1959. The main idea in this excerpt from Mills’ book is that a normal man doesn’t view things the way that a sociologist might view them. One of the major points he makes is that a single man has â€Å"troubles†, while the society he lives in has â€Å"issues†. Even though I thought that this article was difficult to read and follow along with, I did pick up on this idea about â€Å"troubles† and â€Å"issues† pretty easily. One example that Mills uses in the article is marriage. He explains that a man may have a problem in his marriage, and that problem is the only thing he needs to deal with. At the same time, the divorce rate of this same man’s society may be rapidly increasing. Mills explains that sociologists do not tend to focus on the one man’s problem, instead they try to find out a way to help the society as a whole. This same idea was used by the sociologists who we read about, and talked about in lecture, who split up 24 boys into groups of 12 each to study the way the boys would react. These scientists found that the boys acted very similar to society. As the days went on with these groups, the boys became loyal to the other boys in their group, and very competitive towards the opposite group. Each separate group of boys also formed somewhat of a hierarchy, as happens in almost any other group in society. When the two groups of boys were then put back into one big group of 24 to complete tasks, the sociologists noticed that the grudges that were previously held were put aside in order to work as a team and complete these tasks. While reading this article by Mills, I was pretty confused. Not so much by the language that Mills used, but I couldn’t quite get ... Free Essays on The Promise Free Essays on The Promise This article, The Promise, was taken straight from the book â€Å"The Sociological Imagination†. The author of this book is C. Wright Mills, who was thought of as a very controversial sociologist when The Sociological Imagination was published in 1959. The main idea in this excerpt from Mills’ book is that a normal man doesn’t view things the way that a sociologist might view them. One of the major points he makes is that a single man has â€Å"troubles†, while the society he lives in has â€Å"issues†. Even though I thought that this article was difficult to read and follow along with, I did pick up on this idea about â€Å"troubles† and â€Å"issues† pretty easily. One example that Mills uses in the article is marriage. He explains that a man may have a problem in his marriage, and that problem is the only thing he needs to deal with. At the same time, the divorce rate of this same man’s society may be rapidly increasing. Mills explains that sociologists do not tend to focus on the one man’s problem, instead they try to find out a way to help the society as a whole. This same idea was used by the sociologists who we read about, and talked about in lecture, who split up 24 boys into groups of 12 each to study the way the boys would react. These scientists found that the boys acted very similar to society. As the days went on with these groups, the boys became loyal to the other boys in their group, and very competitive towards the opposite group. Each separate group of boys also formed somewhat of a hierarchy, as happens in almost any other group in society. When the two groups of boys were then put back into one big group of 24 to complete tasks, the sociologists noticed that the grudges that were previously held were put aside in order to work as a team and complete these tasks. While reading this article by Mills, I was pretty confused. Not so much by the language that Mills used, but I couldn’t quite get ...

Garment Manufacture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Garment Manufacture - Essay Example Although tariffs will still be in place, the liberalisation of the T&C sector by means of quota abolition is a decisive step towards free trade. But just what does the liberalisation of T&C sector mean to the market and its players (David Birnbaum, 2005) This is where the role of the buyer becomes immensely vital. Manufacturers will need to source raw materials that meet their quality standards and at the same time keep track of competitive prices to keep their brand alive and kicking. Buyers are trained professionals whose hand first-hand information on market trends and vendors. It is in their hands the future of a garment manufacture lie. Garments are an essential part of man's existence. During the age of cavemen, men and women wore the skin of the killed animals to protect them from cold. Gradually, this changed and they began to use plant leaves, and other materials to cover their torso. Though the purpose remains the same, men and women now wear dresses made out of wool, cotton, nylon, synthetic, rayon and silk. Style became a part of society and designers began to showcase their talent through designer wear. Fashion became more pronounced around the 1950s and has since, shown an upward trend. The names of Jean Paul Gaultier, Carolina Herrera, Felipe Oliveira Baptista, Carmen Marc Valvo, Christian Dior, Karl Lagerfeld, and Elie Saab, to name a few, are breakfast names. So what makes them different from others Design and texture, of course! Garments that are worn by people like you and me are in most cases, imitations of what is shown on the ramp. Designer wear are exclusive and cost a fortune. However, garment ma nufacturers the world over, design dresses that are look-alike to their more illustrious cousins on FTV. 3.0 Market Trend For any garment business to succeed or sustain their presence in this highly competitive field, the manufacturer needs to obtain raw materials and at competitive prices. If there is one area of concern, the manufacturer will suffer great lose. Raw materials are an essential aspect of production. If supplies remain unpredictable or truncated, production will seize and the business, doomed. Similarly, if prices escalate and demands grow, there must be a stand-by to cover this. Prices fluctuate periodically and this can affect supplies and pricing. This has to be a very important part of planning. No manufacturer can work on a day-today basis. Orders that are placed over a long period of time need to be executed and at contracted prices. This is when the service of the buyer (sourcing) remains critical. It is never easy for one to identify and maintain continuity with just one supplier. There must be at least a few more alternatives to meet contingency. An important aspect in managing contemporary fashion business is supply chain management. Once an order is placed, the manufactured product needs to reach the designated store or consumer. Retail environment constantly undergoes changes, and unless the product reaches the wholesaler or retailer on time, it could have severe economic and consumer pressure. Market

Colour theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Colour theory - Essay Example RGB colour model is a colour that is based on light. These three colours are the three primary colours with green replacing the colour yellow. When the three colours are combined, then it becomes possible to produce any other colour. This colour model is only used with source of light and does not apply to printing (Albers 2006). CMYK colour model is the colour method that is based on pigments. The initials stand for Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, and Black. K stands for black. When the four colours are used, it becomes possible to achieve other colours. CMYK model cannot reproduce the same amount of colour as the RGB colour model. This is the reason why when printed yellow-green at times appears slightly muddy. This is the method employed by printers the world over. It is also an intelligent way or mixing paints (Albers 2006). Colour space is a helpful conceptual tool for comprehending the capabilities of colour of a digital file or device. Thus, when one is trying to make a reproduction of colour on another device, the colour spaces reveal whether one will manage to retain the highlight or shadow detail, the saturation of colour as well as, by how much wither of the two will be compromised. The process of keeping colour consistency in digital photography runs from the minute one takes a photo, uploads it to the computer, converting the same to jpegs and printing it using a variety of output technology. The process of editing an image involves the existing profile of the image. This is what is referred to as a working colour space.

Multitasking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Multitasking - Essay Example Studies indicate that many people consider themselves efficient in multitasking (Moran 2). From doing ordinary tasks like listening to music while drinking coffee and having a conversation with a second person in the room, to talking on the phone while driving are all examples of scenarios where people multitask. Though the functioning of the human brain is not fully understood, there are studies to show that it does not have the ability to process two or more tasks simultaneously, especially if the tasks utilize the same part of the brain. On the contrary, all it does is switch rapidly to cover all the tasks just like a computer processor. This switching between tasks reduces the efficiency of the brain in two ways. First, the brain needs time to adapt to the new task every time after switching. Second, the time lost between tasks almost doubles the time required to complete the tasks if done subsequently. Consequently, tasks are completed less efficiently when done simultaneously a s compared to doing one task first, then picking on another and doing it to completion (Rosen 56). Consequences of Multitasking: Multitasking is not a forte for many people. Therefore, attempting to accomplish many tasks at once impedes people’s ability to perform some basic tasks that sustain and hold communities together. A good example of this is texting on the phone or tapping away at a blackberry while speaking to a friend. As people work on their technological gizmo, they miss ancient but crucial concepts of communication like body language that help to convey the parts of conversation that cannot be expressed using words. The absence of eye contact among other components makes the friend feel neglected. It appears to them that either the conversation is boring, or their friend is uninterested in the topic of discussion. What is understandable is the fact that one cannot handle two simultaneous conversations and to avoid risking ones social life, one has to end one conv ersation, push the other one through to completion before moving on to the next one. It is common to get a wrong or irrelevant response during a conversation as the other party is busy writing an email or chatting online (Junco & Cotton 375). Learning is also significantly impaired by multitasking. As one attempts to absorb the immense information available these days at once, one tends to skim over materials picking only what they perceive as beneficial. They then try to recreate the whole picture using any scant background information they may have. The media adapted to this new method of reading by including abstracts before all their articles, as the era where people enjoyed in-depth reading of long prose is no more. Many are contented with reading a few lines in a book review or news summary as there is no enough time to read it all. This reading culture’s main downside is the fact that it is impossible to learn anything new if one does not venture into uncharted territo ry of well-articulated prose. The major contributor to this reading culture where details are no longer relevant is the internet. Search engines have been optimized such that research that once took weeks of research, reading numerous books at the library takes only a few clicks, so long as one has a computer and internet connection (Carr 3). Finally, the switching that happens between tasks when multitasking does not allow the brain time to

Business Research Ethics Essay Example for Free

Business Research Ethics Essay The accounting world is changing constantly and so are the rules that are being set up to protect companies and their assets. There are codes of conduct that accounting offices and their personnel must adhere to and when they are not followed, there can be an ethical challenges that you have to deal with. Users of accounting information perform different types of creative accounting. Some of these practices are ethical and legal and other are not. It is important for a company to set up procedures that check and double check everyone in the accounting department from the clerks to the Controller. There is never a time in any business that someone is allowed to do things without having someone else check on their work. When there is no follow up or checks set in place is when the company finds themselves in trouble. As accountants, we are required to make sure that the work that we produce is accurate, credible and true information. This information is used to help investors and banks to make a good business decision in regard to their credit and investment opportunities. Many times, an accountant will get â€Å"creative† with the numbers to assure just that outcome. The numbers are inflated to show a better financial picture and this will help the company get more money and have the bank invest more in their future. Sometimes, this can go on for a long time without anyone knowing it is all false. Other times, companies get caught. May I remind you of Enron? Over the years stockholders and investors have lost large amounts of money due to false reporting or â€Å"creative† accounting. It is for this reason that the need for restrictions on those practices and find a solution to this problem became necessary. A company that I worked for in the past had to eventually file for bankruptcy because the Executive Board was unaware of what the Controller was doing. Many of us were aware of the incorrect numbers and were not sure how to handle it because we could not really prove that the numbers that he was  reporting were actually wrong. There are procedures in effect that prevent accountants from doing this, but not all companies follow them. This is why auditors are used with many companies. Auditors are there to make sure that all numbers and documents are proven to be correct and that there is no creative accounting or inflated numbers when looking at financial statements. Auditors can also be a deterrent for theft. If there is never a check and balance with an accountant in a company, there can be a greater chance of theft. I know of a company that I worked for suffered a loss of over $50,000 because the Controller was not required to get a second signature on checks under $5,000, so he issued himself eleven checks in the amount of $4,000. He would take the check and record that the check went to a vendor or supplier. When the bank statement was sent to our office, he would do the bank reconciliation, so no one saw the actual cancelled check because he destroyed it. Had there been an auditor that would be checking his work, this never would have continued to happen, they would have found it after the first check. It is important accountants to maintain integrity and avoid questionable situations. There are many things that can be seen as inappropriate. Many times over the years, I have been offered tickets to baseball games, dinners, gift baskets, etc. to use a particular company as a major supplier or to use a certain bank. I never thought much of accepting a gift basket, but I was told by an auditor for our firm that can be misunderstood and never to do that. This is a small scale, many companies have been known to get government contracts or big jobs because of making certain promises. Research has proven to our executives and investors that the only way to make sure that there is no inappropriate behavior by having internal and external auditors to examine the books on a regular basis. Knowing that there are audits completed on a random basis and knowing that those audits are being audited by external companies prevents mishaps, theft and misappropriation of funds. Having a clear set of policies and procedures in place and also having a clear plan of action for employees that do not follow these procedures is a sure way to insure that your company is protected. GAAP (generally accepted accounting practices) defines what is and is not permissible, but it is not infallible. GAAP can be manipulated and subject to interpretation and accountants can commit fraud any time. Eventually, we have to count on good accounting  procedures, our auditors and most importantly, employee ethics and morals to keep everything and everyone in line. REFERENCES Al Momani, M. A., Obeidat, M. I. (2013). The effect of auditors ethics on their detection of creative accounting practices: A field study. International Journal of Business and Management, 8(13), 118-136. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/1418426106?accountid=458 Leung, E. C. (2004). Accounting ethics. Business and Society, 43(2), 226-226+. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/199387513?accountid=458