What Are the Main Barriers to Effective Communication...

Principles of Management Assignment 1 SBMG 4007 Submission deadline 25 March 2011 Student ID 090001 Wilson D. Lagos What are the main barriers to effective communication within an organisation and how can they be resolved? Submitted to The University of Wales-Lampeter in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Arts (Business Management) University of Wales-Lampeter Prifysgol Cymru Llanbedr Pont Steffan 2011 SBMG4007 Assignment 1 Table of Contents Executive Summary ....................................................................................................................... 2†¦show more content†¦The original purpose must be maintained while the message through the spectrum of cultural referent rights to its receptor. Within organizations interpersonal communication is the key to optimum performance, if this statement is to add the idea of effectiveness that meaning the result is an equation of the desire and the original intent, and then the idea of effective communication would excellence as a goal. Mintzberg acknowledges that the ineffectiveness of the organizations is due to the high cost of communications and the lack of innovation and because of its delay in responding to the needs often comes when no longer needed. (Mintzberg 2007, p.219) Wilson Lagos 090001 Page 3 of 9 SBMG4007 Assignment 1 What are the main barriers to effective communication within an organization? Depending on the nature of an organization in terms of structure or business will face particular problems that might be common to all enterprise. These may involve control, coordination and communication. Some experts emphasize that in cases of lack of understanding, disagreement and lack of information, such conditions are common because of the intimate relationship among them, others experts believe they can qualify for the barriers of communication from a perspective of macro and micro context, finally may occur in two types, non-verbal and verbal. 1. Information overload and competition information. In 2006 Gallup found to average 180 messages eachShow MoreRelatedCommunication, Leadership, And Leadership Essay1525 Words   |  7 Pages 3.1. Communication and Leadership According to Lussier Achua, (2013, p. 192) Leader is a person who represents his/her workers and motivates them to reach company goals, communication and effective leadership skills play best roles when leaders try to achieve goals. Leader has to deal with number of people on day to day basis such as workers, customers, investors, media people etc. The success of leader depends on communication skills because, if the leader able to create a good communicationRead MoreImplementation Of The Project Management Essay1625 Words   |  7 Pages FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS 1.2 FALLACIES There are a lot of fallacies and obstacles in implementing the project management in an organisation. It is necessary to understand them fully and should find out solution to overcome them so as to reach a high level project management maturity. According to Kerzner (2013) two main obstacles in project management maturity is activities are often controlled by different people with different positions of authority. They might be havingRead MoreWhy Communication Is Key, Do Words Open Doors?961 Words   |  4 Pages If communication is key, do words open doors? 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Government policy is now built around this core concept, a major aspect of which is enabling individuals to participate in decision-making about their care at every level. By concentrating on the individual’s wishes and aspirations and placing them at the centre of a ‘planning circle’ the care team can assist with goal setting to ensureRead MoreEssay on Mgmt 1001 Everest Simulation1781 Words   |  8 Pagesaddressed. The first simulation was not as well carried out- perhaps due to lack of research, while the second simulation went according to plan, and in correlation, the marks also increased. The report explores the various interactions within the group and within an individual during the two simulations and comes up with recommendations for future group work exercises. The report also finds that although the team was assigned a leader the team doctor possessed as much power, if not more. In additionRead MoreCommunication Is Essential For The Successful Execution Of Operations3128 Words   |  13 PagesThe Communication Process is defined as the transmission of information, and the exchange of meaning, between at least two people (Buchanan Huczynski, 2010). Throughout the business world, it can be argued that comprehensible communication is imperative to the successful execution of operations. Organizational effectiveness is extremely significant to any accountancy firm - predominantly due to how interlinked a company’s accounts are – which in turn causes employees and managers to rely on the

The Tell Tale Heart By Edgar Allan Poe - 1630 Words

The Tell-Tale Heart is a short story by Edgar Allan Poe. It is told by anonymous narrator who endeavors to convince the reader of his sanity, while describing a murder he committed. The victim was an old man with a filmy vulture-eye (cataract eye), as the narrator calls it. The murder is carefully calculated, and the murderer dismembers the body and hides it under the floorboards. Ultimately the narrator s guilt manifests itself in the form of the sound ( hallucinatory) of the old man s heart still beating under the floorboards. Throughout this experience the narrator explains that the murderer is legally insane. There are various instances in the story that indirectly and directly tell you that he is insane. Such as he admits†¦show more content†¦Another example explains that he has some sort of disease, â€Å"This disease has sharpened my senses -not destroyed them-not dulled them (Poe 294)†. He again is admitting he has a psychotic behavior. Throughout he is try ing to convince us that he is not mad but this makes us doubt he is sane even more. Moreover, as the story unfolds, the narrator s actions further suggest his insanity; his imagined hearing of the still beating heart. Explains that he is imagining things and he is getting paranoid. As the story states he continually heard the noises while talking to the polite policeman (who did not hear the noise at all) . The story illustrates his emotions are out of control. He feels a state of paranoia and agony, over an imaginary sound. This is only one of the many symptoms he implicates in the story that are common in psychotic people. Bipolar disorder causes a periodic cycling of emotional states between manic and depressive phases. Manic phases contain periods of extreme activity and heightened emotions, whereas depressive phases are characterized by guilt,sadness, and loneliness. These traits are common with the narrator. He had felt soShow MoreRelatedThe Tell Tale Heart By Edgar Allan Poe1161 Words   |  5 PagesOut of a vast quantity of these English historians, one sto od out to me, his name is Edgar Allan Poe. Poe’s writing had its own unique gothic and horror style. The story, The Tell-Tale Heart is one of his very popular pieces of literature, it not only tells a story, but uses Poe’s unique style of writing to silently incorporate different genres, themes, and symbolism to create a sub-story within the text itself. Poe was born in Boston Massachusetts on January 19, 1809. At the young age of just 2 yearsRead MoreThe Tell Tale Heart By Edgar Allan Poe1569 Words   |  7 PagesIn the short story â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart,† author Edgar Allan Poe employs several literary devices such as symbolism, allegory, and imagery. These devices enable us to see and better comprehend the story’s events through the eyes of the narrator. The narrator explains that he is extremely nervous but clarifies that he is not insane; he even goes so far as to share an event from his past to prove that he is not crazy. He believes that he loves the old man and has nothing against him except his horribleRead MoreThe Tell Tale Heart By Edgar Allan Poe Essay1477 Words   |  6 Pagesyourself and others that you weren’t in the wrong for doing something bad? Well, the narrator in the story The Tell-Tale Heart does. Edgar Allan Poe is known to write stories that are of Dark Romanticism. Dark romanticism is a literary genre that showcases gothic stories that portray torture, insanity, murder, and revenge. The story â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart† is no different. Edgar Allan Poe does a great job with making the readers wonder throughout this short story. This allegory makes reader’s questionsRead MoreThe Tell Tale Heart By Edgar Allan Poe1502 Words   |  7 PagesThe author Edgar Allan Poe created a beautiful writing piece called â€Å"Tell Tale Heart†, which included literal elements such as mood, tone, and point of view. The story included a tremulous mood for the reader to be able to feel the excitement of the story. According to the text â€Å"Tell Tale Heart†, it states â€Å"And now at the dead hour of the night, amid the dreadful silence of that old house, so strange a noise as this excited me to uncontrollable terror.† This illustrates that the details of the storyRead MoreThe Tell Tale Heart By Edgar Allan Poe986 Words   |  4 Pagesbade the gentlemen welcome. The shriek, I said, was my own in a dream.† The Tell Tale Heart is one of Edger Allan Poe’s most famous and creepiest stories. The premise of this gothic short story is that a man’s own insanity gives him away as a murderer. By using the narrators own thoughts as the story Poe displays the mental instability and the unique way of creating a gothic fiction. While other stories written by Poe reflect this same gothic structure and questionable sanity, this story has aRead MoreThe Tell Tale Heart By Edgar Allan Poe1133 Words   |  5 Pages Written in 1843, The Tell-Tale Heart by Edgar Allan Poe incorporates nearly all of the gothic elements. While this piece of art may not contain all of the gothic elements, it is the epitome of a gothic short story. In The Tell-Tale Heart, the setting seems to be inside an old house, which strengthens the atmosphere of mystery and suspense. The madness and overall insanity of the narrator illustrates the sense of high, overwrought emotion. The presence of creaking hinges and the darkness representRead MoreThe Tell Tale Heart By Edgar Allan Poe1644 Words   |  7 Pages Edgar Allan Poe was a prominent American writer whose writing reflected his tragic life. He began to sell short stories for profit after being forced to leave United States Military Academy for lack of financial support. Over the next decade, Poe published some of his best-known works, including The Fall of the House of Usher (1839), The Raven (1845), and The Cask of Amontillado (1846). It is in these stories that Po e established his unique dark writing style that often have the recurring themeRead MoreThe Tell Tale Heart By Edgar Allan Poe1030 Words   |  5 PagesA Guilty- Mad Heart â€Å"Burduck then goes on to ponder how Poe used cultural anxieties and psychological panic to advantage.† (Grim Phantasms, G.A. Cevasco). In The Tell-Tale Heart by Edgar Allan Poe, a nameless man narrates the story of how he murdered an elderly man because of his eyes. In his short story The Tell-Tale Heart, Poe shows the themes of guilt and the descent into madness through the narrator, in this gothic horror story. Edgar Allan Poe wrote many gothic tales throughout his lifeRead MoreThe Tell Tale Heart By Edgar Allan Poe879 Words   |  4 PagesIn between guilt, paranoia and obsession The Tell-Tale Heart by Edgar Allan Poe uses several literary elements to support the themes of the story. The story is based on a gruesome murder of an old man. The author uses madness, obsession and guilt as themes to prove how the narrator is truly twisted and insane. Madness is the first theme of the story; in the beginning the narrator tries to convince the audience he is not mad (insane). â€Å"TRUE!... nervous very, very nervous I had been and am; but whyRead MoreThe Tell-Tale Heart by Edgar Allan Poe1136 Words   |  5 Pagesmotivated by the hatred of the eye in this story. The story gives characteristics that fit the profile of a murderer such as the opening sentence, â€Å"TRUE! - Nervous - very, very dreadfully nervous I had been and am; but why will you say that I am mad?† (POE). The narrator believes he is not mad, and thinks that this nervousness is simply caused by being hypersensitive proving his sanity. I felt as though throughout the story, the narrator is trying to convince the reader that he is perfectly sane and not

Partnership Act 1908

Question: Discuss about the Partnership Act 1908. Answer: Management role in the Partnership Deed The Partnership Act 1908 sets out the power and obligation of the partners in a partnership firm. The partners in the partnership deed are entitled to take part in the management of the business. All the partners may freely access to the accounts of the firm. Section 31 They are entitled to receive 5% interest on the capital invested in the firm. Section 27 (c) The net profits and the losses of the partnership firm shall be divided between the partners in a proportion specified in the partnership deed. The partners are also entitled to the weekly drawings out of the partnership accounts as per the share of profits held by each partners. For the purpose of partnership, a partner making an actual payment beyond the capital, which such partner has agreed to subscribe, shall become entitled to interest @ 5% per annum from the date of payment or advance. On the other hand, the deed specifies that a partner shall not be entitled to interest on the capital subscribed by such partner prior to the ascertainment of profits. Section 27 (a) They are entitled to be indemnified by the firm for any payments made for the proper conduct of the firm. Section 3 If the parties enters into a partnership deed for undefined time the partnership may be dissolved from the date mentioned in the notice or from the date of communication of such notice (Khoroshilov, 2017). Section 35(1) (c) Whereas in the deed it is mentioned where no term is fixed or the term is expired the partners agrees to continue with the partnership without fixing any further terms any partner may determine the partnership after giving three months notice to other partners. Under the Partnership Act 1908 court is dissolves a partnership agreement under the following grounds: Section 38 (a) Section 38 (b) Section 38 (c) Section 38 (d) Section 38 (e) Section 38 (f) The partnership deed did not include section 38(e) of the Act where a court may dissolve a partnership agreement if it opines that the partnership cannot be carried on without a loss. The partners must discharge certain duties and perform legal obligations. They must render true accounts of the firms as stated in the Act. Section 31 The firm shall not be bound by the acts of the partner if the partners have the notice of such agreement as stipulated by the Act. This statutory provision has not been included in the deed. Section 11 The relevant sections for partners accountability towards the firm for any personal profits or benefits earned from the use of the firms property or name, without consent of other partners (Corwin Ciampi, 2016). Section 32 Section 33 A majority of partner may be expelled only if power has been conferred between the partners under the Act, which has not been included in the deed. Section 28 References Corwin, L. D., Ciampi, A. J. (2016).Law Firm Partnership Agreements. Law Journal Press. Khoroshilov, Y. (2017). Partnership Dissolution: Information and Efficiency.

Workload Issues In The Profession Of Caregiving †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Workload Issues In The Profession Of Caregiving. Answer: Introduction: In the modern working environment, workload is found to be of major concern, it effects the quality of work as well as the health of the workers irrespective of the field. The issue is of high relevance as it is deteriorating the productivity of performances from the professionals side (Gupta, Li and Sharda 2013). Professional efficiency and proportion of the work base is directly related to one another, lesser the proportion of work better the results. The profession of nursing is of high relevance as it deals with the health of the public and a healthy population can only deliver positive outputs for a countrys economy (Aiken et al 2013). Workload in the profession of nursing is increasing with the increase in the population around the world. The issue is discussed elaborately in the following paragraphs with the incorporation of certain ideologies and procedures to minimize the negative impact of such situations in the organizational level. The ways by which the problems related to workload in the field of nursing can be lessened or eradicated are also analyzed and discussed in the report. Reasons behind the increase in workload in the profession of care giving: There are basically four major reasons behind the elevation of workload of the nurses, the first being the increase in the demand of caregivers, it is because of the increase in the population of old age people as a result of the advancement of medical sciences (Carmona-Monge et al 2013). The population in totality is also increasing and the requirement of nurses is proportionally elevating. The second reason is the presence of nurses, inadequate for the scenario. The nursing schools are not able to fulfill the demands of producing the number of nurses annually needed in the health care industry. The shortage of professional people in the field is impacting the future of the profession in a severe manner. The third reason being the increase in the demand of delivering overtime duty and reduction in the number of staffs has also impacted the problematic scenario. The fourth reason is the reduction in the interval of patients stay in the health care centers. The increase in the cost of treatment in the present time has made the hospitals to ensure the reduction in the average time of the patients stay, this requires the work of the caregivers to be more intensive than before, as a result it is creating additional burden in the field of nursing. Impact of workload in the field of nursing: The complexity of the nursing profession is in itself a challenge to cope up with, the inclusion of pressure in the profession is known to drastically influence the working process of the clinicians as a whole. The pressure that is created due to the reason, effects the well-being of the care givers also, they tend to have several physical and mental ailments due to the load they have to deal with, on a regular basis to maintain their efficiency levels (Bogaert et al 2013). People in the profession already have the demand of being on duty without scheduled routine as the profession demands the presence of the clinician at any time of the day. The settings in which the nurses work often exceed the capacity and staffing levels, it creates additional problems in such set ups. The situation level work that the health personnel need to put emphasis on, remain neglected as the nurse do not have the time needed to retaliate such requirements. Such situations result in suboptimal performance by the care providers. Workload also contributes in the occurrence of stress, emotional exhaustion and anger among the caregivers, the thrust created by workload in the organization is so high in the present world that the profession is being avoided by the youth of todays generation. Varied surveys done on the caregivers have highlighted the need to put emphasis on the need to decrease the workload in the nursing profession as it directly or indirectly influences the patient outcome (Aiken et al 2012). Measurement of the degree of workload in the profession of nursing: The degree or measurement of workload cannot be quantitatively inspected, the traditional measurement methods for the issue is not found to be apt to analyze the criticalness of the problem. They do not capture the concern adequately. In the recent times, the measurement of the impact is done in a dynamic and comprehensive way, the criteria that are considered for the analysis purpose are of major importance, they include the examination of the scenario by dividing the aspect into psychological, physiological and procedural parts which are going to be discussed in the following paragraphs (Myny et al 2012). Considering the criteria of psychology is important in analyzing the degree of workload in caregiving profession (Daud-Gallotti et al 2012). The mental well-being of the professionals in the field reflects on the output of their working. The nurses tend to have a lessened level of efficiency when they have work pressure, the impact of imbalanced mental health can have detrimental consequences as they work on several critical patients at the same time. The patients are immensely effected if the treatment is not properly administered to them. Physiological well-being is also considered as the physical health of the nurses can deteriorate the planning proficiency that the nurses take care of. The proficiency if not up to the standard that is required in the process of caregiving, can have highly reduced patient outcome. Patient outcome directly impacts on the productivity of a health care center which distracts the patients from visiting such centers (Berry and Curry 2012). Procedural aspect of nursing is the measurement of the response latency of the personnel. Workload is often seen to make the health professional dormant or latent in their work, the efficiency of a health care center is highly effected by such situations as it diminishes the productivity and has a lethal impact on the patient under the professional as they are not taken care of in the right way. Effects of workload on patient outcome: There are several consequences that are noted to be seen as a result of increased workload of nurses. The safety of the patients is affected adversely due to heavy nursing related workload. Job satisfaction levels of the nurses in the profession has highly reduced as a consequence of elevated workload, the satisfaction of the caregivers is of significance as the productivity of their way of administration depends on it (Ball et all 2013). The nurses are seen to deliver duty for more than 12 hours a day, which is unethical on the professionals side. The hectic schedule that they have to do their work in, reduces their interaction with the patients they are taking care of and as a result the analysis process that is done by the caregivers by conversing and communicating with patients, decreases (Van Bogaert et al 2013). The incorporation of the principles of caregiving based on strengths, requires the positive interaction between the nurse, the patient and the family, but workload devoid the professionals from doing so, due to lack of time. Such situations can highly effect the planning of treatment base as communication gap can create misunderstanding between the patient and care provider (Happell et al 2013). The workload in the profession as a result has only negative impact on client or patient outcome. The atmosphere of the set up as a whole is also hampered as it arises many speculations between the caregivers and the patients due to the lack of proper planning in the organization. The patients if not given the attention needed lead to various violent conditions that are harmful for the management of the health care organization. The speculations can only be avoided by distributing work to the workload in an ethical manner. Strategies to be implemented for minimizing the effects of workload in the field of nursing: Effectivity of the nursing process can be increased by following certain methodologies. The implementation can be processed by the governance of the authorities of the health care centers in cooperation with the health care departments under the government of the associated countries. The governments of all the countries, facing this issue, should work on increasing the number of schools offering the degree course in nursing, this will partially decrease the problem of scarcity in the number of caregivers present in the health care centers (Grgens?Ekermans and Brand 2012). Promotion of the nursing stream can also encourage the students for taking up caregiving as their profession, this will can also increase the number of people in the profession. The workload can also be lessened by the implementation of nursing process on the basis of the available evidences for a particular kind of condition (evidence based caregiving), it reduces the time taken for examination of a situation and increases the satisfaction levels of the caregivers (Van Bogaert et al 2014). It also minimizes the problems faced by the caregivers to operate under the stringent conditions by facilitating ideologies that can be implemented under the specific provided conditions. The management of the healthcare centers should also focus on keeping a track on the way, the evidences are taken under consideration for implementation of the evidences in the right way by the clinician. That is the decision making process should be analyzed by the higher authorities before incorporation (Bittner and Oconnor 2012). Students who are undertaking the subject to further take up nursing as a profession, should be given proper and influential training regarding the present scenario of the medical organizations. The students should be aware of the workload that the present health personnel have to handle and should be given lessons to tackle the situation. Regularizing the implementation of scenario study in the curriculum can also enhance their situation and they can implement their personalized study base while they face such crisis. The process should be administered in a hierarchal way. It implies that the caregiving procedure should be scrutinized by other senior personnel in the profession so that the process is continuously under supervision (Lu et al 2012). It ensures and enhances the right kind of behavior from the nurse to the patient. There are several models available to be incorporated by the clinicians. The model of patient care delivery system is an ideal concept that can be incorporated in the health care setups. The model consists of the basic points that can reduce the period of caregiving and hence reducing the workload (Twigg and McCullough 2014). It is a three step procedure which considers the input, throughputs and outputs as major action plan points. Firstly, the characteristics of the client, provider and the behavior of the systems are considered, these are the basic inputs that should be analyzed by the authorities. The process of nursing care and the complex environmental characters shou ld be then examined effectively. These points are considered to be throughputs of the model. The final point that is the output of the scenario is taken under governance of the health care organization that consists of the final patient outcomes, nursing outcomes and the outcome of the system as a whole. Conclusion: Therefore, from the above discussion it can be concluded that the workload issues dealt by the clinical professionals are of major concern, the productivity and efficiency of the workplace majorly depend on the nurses associated with the health care organizations. The patient outcome or the client satisfaction is met basically by the way the caregivers operate with them. Increase in the workload of such personnel, decreases the patient outcome. The economy of the health care organization is also effected in such scenario. The impact of workload has been considered as a major issue in the present care giving industry, it has highly deteriorated the working in the healthcare industries as a whole. Strategical enhancement of such frameworks in the hospitals and nursing homes, improves the condition of the centers as well as increases the satisfaction levels of the care providers. The implementation of strategies is very much dependent on the management of health care centers, scrutinizi ng the implementation process is a major concern to be worked on, to decrease the pressure that the caregivers face in the centers. Working in health industry in itself is a challenge, increase in the work pressure has impact on the health of the caregivers too. The strategies should also have the inculcation of nursing outcomes as given in the model of patient care delivery system. More importance should be given to this particular issue as it is one of the determinant factors that can either build or break the backbone of the health care industry. References: Aiken, L.H., Sermeus, W., Van den Heede, K., Sloane, D.M., Busse, R., McKee, M., Bruyneel, L., Rafferty, A.M., Griffiths, P., Moreno-Casbas, M.T. and Tishelman,C., 2012. Patient safety, satisfaction, and quality of hospital care: cross sectional surveys of nurses and patients in 12 countries in Europe and the United States.Bmj,344, p.e1717. Aiken, L.H., Sloane, D.M., Bruyneel, L., Van den Heede, K., Sermeus, W. and RN4CAST Consortium, 2013. Nurses reports of working conditions and hospital quality of care in 12 countries in Europe.International journal of nursing studies,50(2), pp.143-153. Ball, J.E., Murrells, T., Rafferty, A.M., Morrow, E. and Griffiths, P., 2013. Care left undoneduring nursing shifts: associations with workload and perceived quality of care.Quality and Safety in Health Care, pp.bmjqs-2012. Berry, L. and Curry, P., 2012.Nursing workload and patient care: Understanding the value of nurses, the effects of excessive workload, and how nurse-patient ratios and dynamic staffing models can help. Canadian Federation of Nurses Unions. Bittner, N.P. and O'connor, M., 2012. Focus on retention: Identifying barriers to nurse faculty satisfaction.Nursing Education Perspectives,33(4), pp.251-254. Bogaert, P., Clarke, S., Willems, R. and Mondelaers, M., 2013. Nurse practice environment, workload, burnout, job outcomes, and quality of care in psychiatric hospitals: a structural equation model approach.Journal of advanced nursing,69(7), pp.1515-1524. Carmona-Monge, F.J., Rodrguez, G.M.R., Herranz, C.Q., Gmez, S.G. and Marn-Morales, D., 2013. Evaluation of the nursing workload through the Nine Equivalents for Nursing Manpower Use Scale and the Nursing Activities Score: a prospective correlation study.Intensive and Critical Care Nursing,29(4), pp.228-233. Daud-Gallotti, R.M., Costa, S.F., Guimares, T., Padilha, K.G., Inoue, E.N., Vasconcelos, T.N., Rodrigues, F.D.S.C., Barbosa, E.V., Figueiredo, W.B. and Levin, A.S., 2012. Nursing workload as a risk factor for healthcare associated infections in ICU: a prospective study.PloS one,7(12), p.e52342. Grgens?Ekermans, G. and Brand, T., 2012. Emotional intelligence as a moderator in the stressburnout relationship: a questionnaire study on nurses.Journal of clinical nursing,21(15?16), pp.2275-2285. Gupta, A., Li, H. and Sharda, R., 2013. Should I send this message? Understanding the impact of interruptions, social hierarchy and perceived task complexity on user performance and perceived workload.Decision Support Systems,55(1), pp.135-145. Happell, B., Dwyer, T., Reid?Searl, K., Burke, K.J., Caperchione, C.M. and Gaskin, C.J., 2013. Nurses and stress: recognizing causes and seeking solutions.Journal of nursing management,21(4), pp.638-647. Lu, H., Barriball, K.L., Zhang, X. and While, A.E., 2012. Job satisfaction among hospital nurses revisited: a systematic review.International journal of nursing studies,49(8), pp.1017-1038. Myny, D., Van Hecke, A., De Bacquer, D., Verhaeghe, S., Gobert, M., Defloor, T. and Van Goubergen, D., 2012. Determining a set of measurable and relevant factors affecting nursing workload in the acute care hospital setting: a cross-sectional study.International journal of nursing studies,49(4), pp.427-436. Twigg, D. and McCullough, K., 2014. Nurse retention: a review of strategies to create and enhance positive practice environments in clinical settings.International journal of nursing studies,51(1), pp.85-92. Van Bogaert, P., Clarke, S., Wouters, K., Franck, E., Willems, R. and Mondelaers, M., 2013. Impacts of unit-level nurse practice environment, workload and burnout on nurse-reported outcomes in psychiatric hospitals: a multilevel modelling approach.International journal of nursing studies,50(3), pp.357-365. Van Bogaert, P., Timmermans, O., Weeks, S.M., van Heusden, D., Wouters, K. and Franck, E., 2014. Nursing unit teams matter: Impact of unit-level nurse practice environment, nurse work characteristics, and burnout on nurse reported job outcomes, and quality of care, and patient adverse eventsA cross-sectional survey.International journal of nursing studies,51(8), pp.1123-1134.